Professional Resume and Cover Letter Essay

Make an expert resume and introductory letter for a situation inside your chose industry, and append a duplicate to this conversation gathering. React to at any rate three of your classmates’ posts by Day 7, giving both positive and useful criticism. On the off chance that you don't have a resume or introductory letter, you may get to accommodating assets by signing into your Ashford University Student Portal. From the Student Portal landing page, find Career and Alumni Services (search for the blue â€Å"Career† word bunch picture) and snap on the connection to My Career: Career and Professional Development Center to survey resume and introductory letter assets. In the event that you might want extra help, Career Services is accessible to study your resume or potentially introductory letter. You may contact Career Services straightforwardly at careerservices@ashford.edu, or call the arrangement line at 1.866.711.1700, ext. 1876. Kindly permit sufficient time (2-3 business days) for a Career Services Specialist to react to your solicitation. Ashford 3: †Week 2 †Assignment Scrutinizing Internet Sources Today, the Internet gives an uncommon measure of data by method of websites, recordings, and digital broadcasts. Lead an investigate of one blog, one video, and one webcast, which give data that tends to the subject of your Final Research Paper. Survey the authors’ utilization of predisposition, legitimacy, and appropriateness of data. Look at the impact of online data on worldwide citizenship and multicultural comprehension. At that point, accumulate a rundown of three elements you accept ought to be viewed as while assessing Internet hotspots for use in inquiring about data. The paper must be three to four pages long (barring the title and reference pages) and arranged by APA style. Notwithstanding the three interactive media sources you are investigating, bolster your focuses with atâ least two academic sources. One of the insightful sources must be from the Ashford Online Library. Refer to your sources inside the content of your paper and on the reference page. For data in regards to APA, including tests and instructional exercises, visit the Ashford Writing Center inside the Learning Resources tab on the left route toolbar.

Mangement Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mangement - Assignment Example This exhibits their ability to progress in the direction of their absolute best the situational factors are given significance on the grounds that these lay the reason for illustrating how an administrator can form his character in accordance with the working environment necessities. These typify the premise of his flexibility with the work indications †a demonstration that has been esteemed as vital for quite a while now. The article additionally makes reference to the requirement for having the Myers-Briggs Type Inventory. This encourages in the preparation and improvement systems of the representatives as they can get a handle on a sufficient comprehension of how things shape up inside the hierarchical domains (Author Unknown). The job of qualities is comparably urgent as the equivalent uncovers the related condition of concentrating on the administration suggestions. Worker execution relies a lot upon such factors and consequently the accentuation ought to be set to guarante e that achievement comes about when responsibility is available by any stretch of the imagination

Should I Drop Off My Resume In Person

Should I Drop Off My Resume In Person You see work promotion on the web, and it suits you perfectly. You could carry out the responsibility with one hand tied behind your back, you’d appreciate the work, and it’s at an organization you’ve constantly respected. What's more, things being what they are, the organization is found right down the road from you. Despite the fact that the post guides you to transfer your resume, why not travel over to the company’s office, request the corporate enrollment specialist, and give them the resume?It’d be incredible! Why wouldn’t they need to meet you? You’d be an ideal fit for the activity, and they’d know-on the detect, no less!- that they could end the inquiry directly here and now!Unfortunately, things are more confused. Appearing unannounced with your resume could cause you more damage than help.In the prior days everyone had email and the web (think: the 1990s), on the off chance that you were keen on a vocation you found i n the paper (!) you’d print up a resume and an introductory letter on decent writing material and drop it via the post office. That implied that from the day an occupation was presented on getting the main resume, it was typically a couple of days before a selection representative would get anything via the post office. Along these lines, in the event that you appeared with a resume the day an employment opportunity was distributed in the paper, there was the chance the scout and the recruiting director were tingling to land the position filled. It indicated that you were a roused activity searcher with spunk.In reality, this was the manner by which my better half caught her first employment when we moved to Miami. An editorial manager and a columnist, she ran in to drop off a resume to a magazine distributer that was getting ready to open up another editor’s work. She gave them the resume, they gave it to the distributer, and inside a couple of days she had a meeting and afterward a proposition for employment. She went through the following nine years at that magazine.It doesn’t work that way any longer. As a rule, it is currently not considered an invite signal for a vocation searcher to drop off a resume at a business for an expert level role.What’s changed? Fundamentally, the whole enrollment and recruiting process. This move was empowered by two factors:First, email. This change permitted work searchers to send a resume to someone at an organization momentarily. The individual getting the email could look at the applications whenever the timing is ideal, yet considerably more rapidly than a resume sent by customary mail.Second, online employment forms. This began with work sheets like TheJobNetwork or LinkedIn, however developed into a few other activity gateways. At that point candidate following frameworks (ATS’s) went along. These are programming applications scouts use to gather, sort, and procedure resumes; when the se frameworks were actualized, they additionally empowered organizations to work out their own activity pages on their sites, where they could gather continues legitimately through their system.As these frameworks emerged, numerous organizations disposed of â€Å"employment centers† where they would go for stroll in utilizations of occupation searchers. A few organizations despite everything work stroll in business focuses, yet they’re basically coordinated at discovering manual or hourly work, where work searchers wouldn’t customarily have a resume they could email (if the business runs one of these, by all methods don't hesitate to stop by).Here are of the fundamental three reasons why it’s a poorly conceived notion for an occupation searcher to drop off a resume:The recruiter’s work is presently database and frameworks driven. They’re overseeing gigantic measures of information it’s not strange for a scout to gather a huge number o f resumes through their ATS, which helps them in organizing work searchers dependent on fit. Since the procedure is all computerized, introducing a paper continue (without transferring it into the framework first) is available a bother that should be examined, entered, and prioritized.It’s an interference for the selection representative. A recruiter’s day is commonly loaded up with applicant sourcing exercises, telephone screens, face to face talks with, gatherings with employing administrators, key tasks, and different exercises. As it were, they’re extremely occupied. Furthermore, here’s the problem; organizations and spotters are touchy to the client experience for work candidates. They need the business to be seen as a business of decision, thus while it might disturb the recruiter’s day to drop what they are doing and get competitors who show together unannounced, they may at present welcome them so as to give a positive encounter so nobody f eels scorned by the organization. Yet, the enrollment specialist may really despise it, harming your odds in the long run.Showing up is outside the procedure the organization requested that you follow. Businesses like to enlist individuals who exhibit a penchant for following bearings. It’s almost certain the business asked work searchers to apply on the web; on the other hand, it’s exceptionally far-fetched they asked work searchers to appear unannounced. It’s a negative mark against your capacity to follow bearings from Day 1.What should you do on the off chance that you feel you’re the ideal applicant and you need to establish a positive connection and stand out?Apply online first-immediately. Truly, it’s an agony, yet go online to the company’s site, transfer your resume, round out those crates, and react anyway the online activity promotion requires. Doing as you’re asked gives you regard the company’s forms and their empl oyees’ time. Also, the organization delegates will probably send you back to this progression eventually at any rate, so why not stretch out beyond it?Reach out to a fitting contact on the web. There is nothing amiss with finding the selection representative or recruiting administrator and sending them a concise note by means of email or through LinkedIn. A very much set, all around planned note (demonstrating that you’ve effectively applied on the web, obviously) can regularly evoke a positive reaction from the beneficiary if you’re a solid match. What's more, they can survey it and react to it individually, instead of when you show up.Leverage your system. Do you know someone who works at the organization? Request that they set the ball rolling in a good direction and course your resume for your sake. They may have within track on the chance, and a regarded referral source is generally held in high respect by a HR department.One more thing: Should you feel fun damentally constrained to drop off a resume at that organization, simply leave it with the front work area. Don’t request the enrollment specialist to come out and meet you. They’ll get the resume in any case the secretary will offer it to them.Scott Singer is the President and Founder of Insider Career Strategies LLC, a firm committed to managing work searchers and organizations through the pursuit of employment and recruiting process. He is a Human Resources proficient and setting up master with just about two many years of in-house corporate HR and staffing firm understanding, and is a Certified Professional Resume Writer (CPRW) and Certified Professional Career Coach (CPCC).Insider Career Strategies offers a free resume audit. You can email Scott at scott.singer@insidercs.com, or through the site, www.insidercs.com.

Cipla

Presentation: Cipla Limited is an Indian pharmaceutical organization, Founded by patriot Indian researcher Khwaja Abdul Hamied as The Chemical, Industrial and Pharmaceutical Laboratories . Cipla established frameworks for the Indian pharmaceutical industry route in 1935 with the vision to make India independent and independent in human services. Inheritance of advancement and an innovative soul instilled by the author, Dr. K. A Hamied and propounded by the current Chairman and Managing Director, Dr. Yusuf Khwaja Hamied .Over the previous 77 years, Cipla has developed as one of the most regarded pharmaceutical names in India as well as around the world. The organization? s headquarter is in Mumbai, India. Cipla produces one of the most extensive scope of items and measurements frames on the planet today, everything from metered-portion inhalers, pre-filled syringes, trans-dermal splash patches, lyophilized infusions, nasal showers, clinical gadgets, and thermo labile froths. The organ ization Revenue is around 6977million and turnover is around 1 billion. Cipla? Plan of action depends on global vital collusions and spotlight on seeking after natural development while lessening capital duty and administrative/suit dangers. Cipla makes medications to treat cardiovascular ailment, joint inflammation, diabetes, weight control, melancholy and numerous other wellbeing conditions, and its items are disseminated in for all intents and purposes each nation of the world. What's more, most likely most popular outside its nation of origin for spearheading the production of minimal effort enemies of AIDS drugs for HIV-positive patients in creating countries.It has assumed a comparatively noticeable job in extending access to medications to battle flu, respiratory malady and malignancy. Cipla has more than 34 best in class fabricating units which have been endorsed by different Ministries of Health and Regulatory Authorities like US FDA, WHO, MCC - South Africa, MHRAUK, TGA-Au stralia among others. Also, Cipla? s producing offices are GCMP consistent in similarity with national and universal guidelines. With more than 2000 items in 65 restorative regions, Cipla? item portfolio involves Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients(APIs), Formulations for Human and Animal Healthcare and OTC items. Cipla has the mechanical forces of assembling items in most dose frames across helpful classifications, which offers the organization a special upper hand. Cipla has earned a name for keeping up world-class quality over the entirety of its items and administrations. With the devotion of its 20,000 representatives, Cipla keeps on supporting, improve and spare a large number of lives with its top notch drugs and creative gadgets and is engaged towards its commitment.Cipla won Chemexcil Award greatness for trades in 1980, wins National honor for effective commercialization of exposure financed R&D in 1988. Cipla got the Thomson Reuters India Innovation Award in 2012. VISION : Cipla began with a dream to fabricate a solid India MISSSION OF THE COMPANY: To make the life of the patients better. CIPLA RESEARCH and DEVELOPMENT CIPLA? S examine capacities are broad, from Chemical Synthesis, Delivery Systems and Medical Devices to Process Engineering, Animal Health Products, Neutraceuticals and Biotechnology.Today, across 170 nations, there are a large number of patients who get the opportunity to utilize a Cipla item to forestall, to fix, or for help from torment. In their fix and help lies th e extreme reason for what they do. At Cipla, this has been the main impetus behind ceaseless journey for quality. The organization endeavor to meet global determinations, however to surpass, to exceed expectations, to meet what they call the Cipla benchmark. Indeed, they have set principles for the world to follow and have added to in excess of 125 monographs over the most recent 15 years †to British,European, US and worldwide pharmacopeia. Today organizations fro m around the globe look for vital unions with Cipla for item improvement, specialized help and advertising. In a little manner, the organization even assist nations with setting up their pharmaceutical framework and train their experts, adding to their journey for confidence simply the manner in which they started mending India, seven decades back. Similarly motivating has been Cipla? s battle against asthma. They banded together with the clinical clique to break fantasies, spread mindfulness and engaged asthma patients to lead a more full life.The organization have the world’s biggest scope of asthma drug and conveyance frameworks. This tireless promise to asthma motivated to set up the Chest Research Foundation. It? s one of only a handful barely any Institutes on the planet that? s devoted to clinical and unified research in the field of Chronic Respiratory Diseases. CHANGES In the previous not many years, Cipla has changed its technique in various territories †from a rea, to item to HR †to keep a future emergency from disintegrating edges. Till now, the names Cipla and Yusuf Hamied have been practically interchangeable.After all, Hamied was the person who put the conventional medication organization onto the world guide when he gave numerous medicinal services frameworks in creating nations with less expensive renditions of exorbitant AIDS drugs, making moment symbols out of himself and his organization . Today, in any case, Hamied is done guiding the medication creator every day and Cipla, in the interim, is designing a tranquil transformation all alone †drawing in outside ability, which it has never done †and wandering into a new area so as to maintain a strategic distance from an existential emergency when the patent precipice terminates in a couple of years.Simply put, the organization has started a journey for a development direction that will produce economical benefits later on. â€Å"While we may consider it a „tran sformation,? it is a sensible and legitimate expansion or subsequent stage to their current strengths†¦ The change is required to open new roads of development for the organization, and not miss out on circumstances that accompany a timeframe of realistic usability, especially the patent precipice in 2012-17, for both little atoms and biologics,† says Aashish Mehra, overseeing executive, Strategic Decision Group.Cipla? s ongoing reconceptualisation has supported its stock cost from Rs 317 in June to Rs 395 in September. Advertising itself Perhaps the greatest change in the organization? s technique is the discarding of its attention on volumeled development and a move to an inorganic, gainfulness centered one. A key sign of this is the organization? s eagerness to proceed onward to the front-end in created markets like the US, where, up until this point, it has worked essentially through accomplices for deals and circulation of its products.Recently, Cipla began recording applications forcefully with the US Food and Drugs Administration (USFDA), looking for endorsement for its own conventional items, which it intends to showcase all alone while collecting a different deals group there. â€Å"The move is planned for getting more an incentive for items and technology,† says Cipla Director S Radhakrishnan in a cooperation with Business Standard. This is a praiseworthy move, say experts, in an organization that had the potential, however, it was so far unrealised. â€Å"Over the most recent couple of years, while all of Cipla? peers have developed essentially on the rear of their achievement in the US showcase, Cipla had embraced an apparently flawed vital choice to constrain its presentation to this market,† says an ongoing report on Cipla by IDFC Securities. â€Å"Given Cipla? s broad item collection, demonstrated R&D capacities and broad assembling system, we trust it has all the fixings to prevail in the US showcase in spite of it s moderately late entry,† it includes. (Cipla's evolving scene) The adjustment in system isn't restricted to simply the US and other created markets.The organization is likewise effectively arranging joint endeavors and even acquisitions to reinforce its situation in key markets like Turkey, Morocco, Brazil and Nigeria. Be that as it may, organization insiders propose that change doesn't really mean a total takeoff from its current methodology. â€Å"The soul of the organization can't change, at any rate not so much. We will proceed with our fundamental mantra of minimal effort tranquilize making,† says the Cipla official. â€Å"We are additionally taking a gander at solidification with accomplices as one of the choices in some key markets,† he adds.This can most likely clarify what Cipla has as of late done in China. So as to smooth out speculations there, the organization has rejigged its business so as to concentrate more on its center territories. While the m edication creator has left a huge piece of its interest in Chinese accomplice Desano Holdings, it has furrowed piece of the assets into explicit units that fabricate biosimilars and specialty dynamic pharmaceutical fixings (APIs). The mission for higher edges An unavoidable insurgency can be seen in Cipla? s item portfolio.The organization is step by step moving concentration to high-edge items, for example, oncology medications and inhalers from delicate based enemy of retroviral drugs. Nothing unexpected concerning why it is doing so †its edges are scheduled to split themselves from 21. 3 percent in FY10 to an expected 11. 9 percent in FY14. As per Mehra, Cipla may maybe be most popular outside India by its milestone low-evaluated, hostile to HIV items, be that as it may, it additionally needs to address directed markets with quality items, across sections. â€Å"Cipla ought to appropriately be pleased with its picture of being a „low-cost medicate creator? ut the coun ter retrovirals had been very low-edge for Cipla, and changing the item blend towards all the more high-esteem items, for example, the inhalers for the managed markets, would help shore up margins,† says Mehra. Praful Bohra, senior examiner at Nirmal Bang Securities, says two years back, the commitment from against retroviral drugs was 20-25 percent while today, it has tumbled to 15 percent. As per investigators, the falling edges in hostile to retroviral medicates because of intense rivalry from worldwide, just as residential organizations has trigg

About Generalized Anxiety Disorder - Free Essay Example

Generalized Anxiety DisorderSarah is eighteen years old. She frequently has migraines, difficulty sleeping, and muscle pains that are unable to be alleviated. Sarah experiences severe difficulty in social interactions, asking questions, and processing stress. From the time she was ten years old, Sarah could not control her overthinking, worry, or fear. This worry often interfered with her daily life and prevented her from functioning at a normal level. Sarah has Generalized Anxiety Disorder and is among the 18.1% of individuals over the age of 18 that suffer from it in America (Anxiety and Depression Association of America). Anxiety disorders, specifically Generalized Anxiety Disorder, can severely interfere with the mental and physical health of an individual and have a neurobiological basis of explanation, and sufferers are often subject to mental illness stigma. SYMPTOMS Generalized Anxiety Disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders, and unlike other disorders it is distinguished by the width of subjects that the patient worries about. Anxiety is considered a disorder when the worry interferes with the daily life of the individual (National Institute of Mental Health). Individuals like Sarah experience the common symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder such as fatigue, excessive worry, panic, and trouble concentrating (American Psychiatric Association). These symptoms can be found in the DSM-5 or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, which is used by mental health professionals to diagnose mental health issues (American Psychiatric Association). For many sufferers, symptoms such as fatigue and inability to concentrate can increase anxiety. In addition to mental symptoms, GAD can often produce somatic symptoms such as muscle aches and migraines as well as gastrointestinal issues (Sareen par 12). Generalized Anxiety Disorder can manifest differently in different people. For example, John is a 48-year-old man who has been diagnosed with GAD. Johns anxiety manifests through a need for control over the people and things in his life, his anxiety often is communicated as anger instead of fear, and he is often irritable. Nina, an 18-year-old who was diagnosed with GAD at the age of 13, is often withdrawn and quiet. She experiences headaches and gastrointestinal issues. Her anxiety is communicated through excessive preparation for every possible scenario, a constant need for reassurance, and overthinking what she says or does. John and Nina both have the same disorder but they process and express their anxiety differently. Similarly to how healthy individuals process emotion and external stimuli differently depending on their personality, GAD patients interpret and process their anxiety differently as well. CAUSES Generalized Anxiety Disorder can have several different causes, as well as many risk factors. Environmental factors have long been considered a possible risk factor for developing GAD, as well as genetics and heredity. For example, those who experience childhood trauma or stresses, such as a divorce in the family or abuse, may be at a higher risk for developing GAD (Blanco). According to the American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry, other risk factors include: female sex, younger age, single or divorced marital status, low socioeconomic status, poor social supports, and low education (Sareen). Females face pressure in their daily life that can easily lead to anxiety, including street harassment, sexual harassment, and discrimination. Undergoing a divorce or being single can put a serious strain on financial income as well as putting a considerable amount of emotional stress on the individual. Low education and socioeconomic status could cause difficulty in finding emplo yment or advancing in status; for example, a lack of quality education can prevent someone from obtaining a higher-income job. All of the above-mentioned risk factors can increase anxiety in the individual experiencing them. When this anxiety is not properly dealt with and begins to interfere with the individuals life, they could be at risk for developing GAD. NEUROBIOLOGY OF GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER In the past, there was a very limited understanding of the neurological and biological basis for anxiety disorders. More recently, Generalized Anxiety Disorder has been studied on a neurobiological basis. Recent studies have documented differences in brains with anxiety disorders compared to healthy brains. One of these differences is in the amygdala, the part of the brain that controls fear responses. James Anderson explains this fear response, saying, The clusters of the amygdala are activated when an individual expresses feelings of fear or aggression. This occurs because the amygdala is the primary structure of the brain responsible for flight or fight response (Anderson par 36). This part of the brain is vital in processing emotion, particularly fear, and the activation of the amygdala in response to negative stimuli is an important factor of understanding anxiety. Anderson also explains the biological process that the body undergoes when experiencing anxiety, stating: Feelings of anxiety start with a catalyst an environmental stimulus that provokes stress. This can include various smells, sights, and internal feelings that result in anxiety. The amygdala reacts to this stimuli by preparing to either stand and fight or to turn and run. This response is triggered by the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream. Consequently, blood sugar rises, becoming immediately available to the muscles for quick energy. Shaking may occur in an attempt to return blood to the rest of the body. A better understanding of the amygdala and its various functions may lead to a new way of treating clinical anxiety. (Anderson par 40) This reaction is the bodys way of preparing to face a danger, but when the body reacts this way often, it can be physically as well as mentally draining. This rise of adrenaline eventually wears off, and leaving the body to recover. This activation of the amygdala in response to negative stimuli is normal, exaggerated activation has been noted in anxiety-prone and diagnosed patients (Stein). In a study conducted by Murray B. Stein, two groups were tested to measure amygdala reaction in response to viewing negative emotions displayed on human faces. This task was used to attempt to measure the activation of parts of the limbic system during an emotion-processing task. Stein states that in response to this: We found increased amygdala and insula activation in young adult anxiety-prone non-patients relative to subjects with normative levels of anxiety proneness. We also found that the magnitude of activation in these limbic regions correlated moderately with several measures of anxiety proneness, such as anxiety sensitivity and neuroticism. (Stein et al) An increased activation means that there is an increased fear response, which gives biological proof for anxiety disorders. In addition to this overactivity, another study has found that the area of the brain that is partially responsible for regulating signals from the amygdala has shown a failure to activate, causing ineffective regulation of emotions and fear stimuli in the brain (Etkin et al). This region is called the pregenual cingulate cortex. Etkin states: Moreover, we recently found functional connectivity and structural evidence for an intra-amygdalar abnormality at a subregional level in generalized anxiety disorder (12). Thus, it appears that patients have deficits in both activating relevant control regions (pregenual cingulate) and in the connectivity required for such regions to exert control over limbic structures. (Etkin et al) The connections between parts of the limbic system are an important part of emotional regulation, and as stated above by Etkin, there was a lack or deficit in the functionality or existence of these connections. This would lead to an impaired ability to regulate emotion which is a possible cause of the excessive worry that GAD and other anxiety disorder patients face. The body has a system in place to regulate the emotions and stimuli that we experience every day, but what happens when it fails? The individual is then left with an onslaught of emotions that they have no way of processing. The overactivity of the amygdala and the failure of activation of the pregenual cingulate cortex are neurobiological evidence of the difference in the brain structure of individuals with anxiety disorders. Elizabeth Martin summarizes this concept in an excerpt from her study about the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, saying: The Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders Commonalities in anxiety disorders include functional hyperactivity in limbic regions, particularly the amygdala, and the inability of higher cortical executive areas to normalize the limbic response to stimuli. (Martin et al) It is important to understand exactly how brains with anxiety disorders function. An understanding of these biological differences can help shift the attitude toward mental illnesses such as GAD away from personal responsibility of an individual and toward a comprehensive understanding of the true causes of anxiety disorders. STIGMA Mental illness has been surrounded by stigma. Stigma can take many forms, but is generally an association of negativity or prejudice toward a certain topic. Mental illness stigma often prevents or discourages people from seeking necessary treatment due to fear of discrimination or the negative reaction of others. According to Anxiety.org, a survey conducted in 2010 showed that 46% of surveyed adolescents with mental disorders reported experiencing unfair judgment from family members because of their disorders and 62% reported experiencing the same stigmatization from their peers (Anxiety.org). This level of judgment from friends, family, and society can deter an individual from seeking necessary treatment. For some individuals, this stigma prevents them from acknowledging that they need help, and self-stigmatization can worsen the symptoms they experience. For those who suffer from anxiety disorders, stigma can have an even worse effect. The constant worry caused by the disorder can heighten the fear of judgment from others which can become a barrier to seeking treatment. Due to fear of what others might think or say, they might avoid seeking help. By raising awareness of the reality of mental illness we can begin to dismantle the harmful stigma surrounding it. This can be done by educating ourselves about the causes of mental illness and having compassion for those who experience them. TREATMENTS Generalized Anxiety Disorder can be treated and many who live with this disorder can lead productive lives. Anxiety can be treated with cognitive behavioral therapy, antidepressants, and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors or SSRIs. Cognitive behavioral therapy is a good option for those who prefer not to take medication because it addresses negative thinking patterns and helps the patient devise coping strategies to manage the symptoms of GAD (Mayo Clinic Staff). Luckily, there is little to no risk associated with CBT, although it could cause emotional discomfort or general discomfort. This type of treatment is a good way to address and attempt to manage symptoms of GAD. Antidepressants and SSRIs are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. SSRIs work in the brain to keep serotonin in the synaptic cleft by preventing them from being reabsorbed. It is believed that high levels of serotonin can cause an elevated mood, thus working to alleviate symptoms (McIntosh). Sarah has been on SSRIs for several years and has reported an alleviation of anxiety symptoms. For many like Sarah, cognitive behavioral therapy isnt enough and medication is necessary. Not all of our brains are the same, however, and what works for some patients may not work for others. CONCLUSION Generalized Anxiety Disorder is one of the most common disorders in the U.S. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, 6.8 million adults or 3.1% of the American population suffer from GAD (Anxiety and Depression Association of America). Fortunately, this disorder is highly treatable. While sufferers still continue to face social stigma, attitudes toward mental illness are changing. The evidence of neurobiological causes of mental illness has helped shift these attitudes away from personal responsibility and toward a comprehensive understanding of the true causes of anxiety disorders like GAD. There is no cure but individuals can live productive and fulfilling lives even while living with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

My Student Loans - Free Essay Example

Why I defaulted on My Student Loans written by Lee Siegel shares personal experiences when he was young of why he defaulted on student loans. Loan Default can be described as when a person fails to pay of their loan that was given to them on a specific date. Siegel recommends that college graduates should take his route if you owe a lot of money. The route that Siegel chose was to borrow money from the Board of Education, and go to a private rather than a state. Thousands of youthful graduates are conveying thousands to a huge number of dollars in understudy credit obligation, understudies are right now confronting a heap of a monetary test. As difficult as it has been. Ive never looked back. The millions of young people today, who collectively owe over $ 1 trillion in loans, may want to consider my example(38). A longside grants, corporations, and awards, understudy credits are an imperative strategy for financing post-auxiliary instruction. With educational cost rising, more understudies are obtaining to pay for school instruction today. Nonetheless, not all understudies understand the weight of paying back their understudy credits. Millions of teenagers moreover millions of college educated students ignore student loan , and ends up affecting them in further life. Lee Siegel emphasizes that the U.S. Department of Education is losing money due to students not paying their student loan debt off. Moreover additional students are defaulting their student loans. Student Loans should not be ignored or get to the point of where he/she defaults them.In a passage Siegel mentions how people are blind to reality, and how that his heart goes out to them. He says how that the circumstances that he was once in will basically never be as worst than that. In this passage Siegel acknowledges that people are currently in the same situation that he was in when he was young. Throughout, the article he gives advice for young teenagers moreover high school graduates that are planning on heading to a university. Even though, default student loans have become a major issue you need to know how to avoid them. Students need to comprehend what budgeting is, and how it can help them. Budgeting can enable understudies to arrange their exercises, creating budgetary destinations, uncover wasteful, ineffectual, or unordinary use of assets, make relatives mindful to utilize cash admirably, and permit acknowledgment of issues before they happen. Albeit great record keeping is required for the financial backing to be useful, once understudies get themselves on a general calendar of planning their funds it turns out to be simply one more day by day/month to month routine of life.Although, Siegel recommends that students should take his route you should not. Student loan default is the worst path to take in order to pay off your college tuition or even if you want to go to a college. A path you can take in order to not have any student loan debt is going to a local community college. Many students are in a rush to go to a university right out of high school, and chose a major that they arent very interested in. High school students that go straight to a university , and are not completely ready for the loan that they will have to pay off is incredible. It has been stated that americans that come out of college owe over $1.48 trillion dollars worldwide. In 2016 a class that graduated from a university moreover a specific student owed $37,172 in student loan debt. For example , my brother goes to UC Berkeley and my sister goes to Duke ( scholarship for soccer ) each month or every two months my parents are paying an average of 30 thousand dollars in order to attend a college of that sort. Even though , they go to that college my parents were mentally prepared to pay of each month the deposit that you would have to put in. Students that are not prepared to pay off their student loans should not rush to go a university , because than later you would have more money building up that you would have to pay off. Another, reason why you shouldnt take Siegels route is because it can ruin your credit. A persons credit score is everything its what allows you to buy a car, get a house/apartment, and anything you can think of most probably your credit score is involved in. For example, my mom forgot to pay off my brothers credit score so now we owe $4,000 to the bank/credit loan. Credit loan is a tremendous problem in todays society , because many people think they can just spend as much money as they want. Even though, you can get whatever you want in the future youre going to have to pay it off so you dont want to go overboard with it ever. Furthermore, Siegel recommends that how you shouldnt go into student loans if you havent saved up enough money in order to get out of it. A way you can save up enough money if you want to go into default student loans is by creating a savings account. A savings account is similar to a bank account rather you put a certain amount of money into your savings , and overtime you earn interest. Every student as well as the youth should have a savings account which usually the parents provide with at a young age. Student loan default has become a major issue throughout many years. Currently the Department of Education is in the process of fixing this issue. Enough then all the pieties about debt that have become absorbed into all the pieties about higher education might be brought into alignment with reality. The government should not guaranteed loans, but rather give students a chance to learn and pay for their college education.

Self Assessment in the Clinical Environment - 1783 Words

INTRODUCTION This essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of student self assessment in clinical environments and the importance of health professionals utilizing self assessment throughout their careers. Self assessment is the technique by which a student or professional rates and judges his or her own work thereby motivating him or her to work on improving any aspects of their work they feel may be lacking. It is an assessment technique employed in a diverse range of settings worldwide from the school room to the professional arena. One of the most common fields to employ this technique is the health professions. Lifelong learning is essential throughout the careers of health care professionals and self assessment is†¦show more content†¦This process can be applied to a qualified dental hygienist’s everyday clinical schedule. The professional can utilize self assessment strategies both before and after treatment of their patients. (REF 5) The self assessment process will help the hygienist to determine what they need to know and how to go about getting the answers to any questions that remain. For example the hygienist may check a new patient’s medical history for contraindications of hygiene treatment and reviewing medical histories the hygienist can then determine what steps he/she should take as to complete their knowledge and skills before undertaking treatment e.g. using MIMS as a source to research medications or consultations with the patient’s general practitioner with regar ds to the patient’s medical conditions. If a dental hygienist takes the time to self assess before each patient the hygienist can confidently continue with treatment and give optimal treatment/care to the patient. Self assessment can also continue during dental hygiene treatment as the dental professional should self- assess and determine whether or not they might need to refresh or update or learn new skills for the course of patient treatment plan. The dental hygienist can do this self assessment in between appointments or in their own time to make sure they are prepared for the patient’s next appointment. (REF5) The hygienist can also get feedback from the patient to assess their understanding ofShow MoreRelatedA Reflection On Learning Theories And Assessment Strategies1616 Words   |  7 Pagespractice. Great part of this learning can be developed in clinical practice, under supervision, from a person with sufficient skills to facilitate learning. Therefore, as part of pre-registration nursing students development process, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008a) declares the requirement of a mentor for their clinical placements. The aim of this essay is to provide a critica l reflection on learning theories and assessment strategies and how they were used to facilitate learning.Read MoreAcademic And Clinical Aspects Of The Curriculum846 Words   |  4 PagesStudents are expected to function effectively in a clinical setting by applying theoretical knowledge to practice (Stuart, 2013). Although, one of the biggest challenges for healthcare practitioners today is linking the academic and clinical aspects of the curriculum (Plack et,al 2008; Stuart, 2013). Kolb (2013) argued that the dynamic encounters and unique patients experience faced by students in the clinical setting usually do not follow the well-defined theoretical perspective being outlined inRead MoreClinical Practices Essay1749 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Clinical Practices Tammy Turner ABA RN, BSN Hsn 552 November 4, 2013 Susan Dolinar PhD, RN, CNE Clinical Practices For the needs of the patients, families, and the health care consumers, and health care practice current assessment practices should be maintained by using evidence –based practices. Health care professionals are expected to demonstrate competent practice within the society. Determining sufficient of clinical assessments and the evaluation of the nursingRead MoreLiterature Review On Suicide1183 Words   |  5 PagesSuicide is currently the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (Suicide and Self-Inflicted Injury, 2017). On average, 121 Americans complete suicide each day (CDC Fatal Injuries Report 2015, 2015). The American people are living longer with advances to medical care and technology, yet suicide rates continue to rise. According to the CDC, suicide rates have increased by 24% from the year 1999 to 2014 (Curtain, Warner Hedegaard, 2016). Consequently, the suicide epidemic continues to growRead MoreThe Role Of Psychological Assessment On Counseling And Clin ical Practice1675 Words   |  7 PagesNUMBER TWO Assessment Discuss the role of psychological assessment in counseling or clinical practice. What are the strengths and weaknesses inherent in formal psychological testing? Why might you choose formal psychological testing techniques and for what types of clients? What limitations should be considered: Are there different considerations for objective and subjective assessment techniques? The Role of Psychological Assessment in Counseling or Clinical Practice Psychological assessment assessesRead MorePhysiotherapists Can Carry Out Assessments On Patients Using Falls Risk Assessment Tools1680 Words   |  7 PagesPhysiotherapists can carry out assessments on patients using falls risk assessment tools (FRAT). FRATS use questions and observations to categorise patients as low, moderate or high falls risks (Miedany, Gaafary, Toth, Palmer Ahmed, 2011) and identify the necessary level of intervention needed. Wong-Shee, Phillips Hill s (2012) research promotes the use of the TNH-STRATIFY falls score assessment tool. The TNH-STRATIFY has an extensive question list, identifying more falls risk factors. Wong-SheeRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse1260 Words   |  5 Pagesabuse have an array of short and long term effects originating from the exploitation. Furthermore, survivors suffer from very low self-esteem and frequently take responsibility for the abuse. Finally, the effects of childhood sexual abuse include sleeping disorders, co-dependency, a nd may continue to be abused by others even after they leave an abusive environment. The encounter of child sexual abuse differs between individuals. The seriousness, occurrence, and age of the child, relationshipRead MoreSelf Assessment And Professional Development Plan Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-Assessment and professional Development Plan Competency 2.1.1 - Identify as a professional social worker and conduct oneself accordingly P.B. 2.1.1C.a: P.B. 2.1.1C.b: P.B. 2.1.1C.c: P.B. 2.1.1C.d: Readily identify as social work professionals Identify how agencies define clinical social work Demonstrate professional use of self with client(s) Develop, manage, and maintain therapeutic relationships with clients within the person-in environment and strengths perspectives. Compared to thisRead MoreLeadership For An Advanced Practice Nurse997 Words   |  4 Pages Individual Leadership Assessment Paper Meta Cristiano NUR 604-QM2: Leadership in Advanced Nursing Practice Roles School of Nursing University of Alabama at Birmingham Fall, 2016 Individual Leadership Assessment Leadership is a very important role for an advanced practice nurse. There are many leadership styles a person can utilize when working in a collaborative team environment. It is the responsibility of an advance practice nurse to take on a leadership roleRead MoreCounseling Articles: Clinical Supervision Essay878 Words   |  4 PagesCounseling Articles: Clinical Supervision: Tony Bush wrote an article regarding overcoming the hindrances to effective clinical supervision, which was published in Nursing Times website. Bush’s publication was influenced by the fact that clinical supervision is one of the most commonly misunderstood practices in contemporary nursing. However, clinical supervision provides a supportive and nurturing service to nurse practitioners by assisting them to critically reflect on the actions during the

Notes On Charles Orwell s The Hell - 1346 Words

Dianne Lam 1328 words 9100 St. Charles Rock Road St. Louis, MO 63114 (314) 493-6100 lamd710@ritenourschools.org Hostage: Part 1 by Dianne Lam It’s 11:15 P.M. on a humid, Thursday night. My group of friends are sitting in my basement, brainstorming on what to do to pass time. As everyone is rambling on, I glance over at Don, who’s isolated himself outside the circle to scroll along his phone. We begin yelling at each other and getting furious with the emptiness coming to our minds; then Don looks up and whispers, â€Å"What about Hostage?† We all glance around at each other, seeing if someone could explain what just happened.†¦show more content†¦Stone cold. Don knows what he’s gotten everyone into, and so do I. He tries to make it more enjoyable; so, he slaps on a smile and continues on with the rules. â€Å"Once you have dropped off your hostage, someone from each team, who is not the driver, will call each other and give them a vague hint as to where the other team member is. Such as saying, ‘Bow and Arrow ’ if you drop them off at Target. After that, it’s completely up to the other team to find them within 3 hours.† A moment of silence occurred until Clark exclaimed, â€Å"I’m down! Let’s get this game going!† Everyone was super excited and pumped to play, until the dreadful question came along, †Who wants to be the hostage?† asked Don. Crickets. No one said a word. â€Å"Okay then, I guess I will be for my team† uttered Don. Janet squeals at Clark, â€Å"Come on, big shot! Be a man and sacrifice yourself!† Shaking at the thought of it, Clark agrees. As the teams begin for the adventure they’re about to embark on, Don says one final thing, â€Å"Oh yeah! As a hostage, you must follow the three simple rules. You must stay in the location that you were dropped off at. You must stay outside so that your team can easily spot you. And most importantly, no phones.† Pissed as ever, Clark yells, â€Å"What if something goes wrong? You want me to die? Nothing’s going to happen.† Don chuckles, â€Å"Why do you think we don’t let the girls be the hostages?† Clark shrugs in agreement and they both toss their phones on the basement

The Diversity Myth Essay - 5534 Words

The Diversity Myth The idea that diversity is one of the countrys great strengths is now so firmly rooted that virtually anyone can evoke it, praise it, and wallow in it without fear of contradiction. It has become one of the great unassailably American ideas, like democracy, patriotism, the family, or Martin Luther King. The President of the United States glories in diversity. In May, 1995, in a message recognizing the Mexican holiday, Cinco de Mayo, William Clinton said, The Fifth of May offers all of us a chance to celebrate the cultural diversity that helps to make our nation great. A few days later, when he designated May as Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month, he said, With the strength of our diversity and a†¦show more content†¦and Mrs. Clinton are promoting--is a great advantage for America is one of the most obviously stupid propositions ever to see the light of day. Nevertheless there is one kind of diversity that is an advantage. A contractor, for example, cannot build houses if he hires only electricians. He needs carpenters, plumbers, etc.--a diverse work force. However, functional diversity of this kind is not what the Chief Executive is on about. He is talking about largely non-functional differences like race, language, age, sex, culture and even whether someone is homosexual. One might call this status diversity. What advantages would a contractor get from a mixed work force of that kind? None. What are the advantages the United States gets from a racially mixed population? None. The idea that status diversity is a strength is not merely a myth, but a particularly transparent one. Explaining why diversity is bad for a country is a little like explaining why cholera is bad for it; the trick is to understand how anyone could possibly think it was good. In fact, diversity became a strength after the fact. It became necessary to believe in it because skepticism would be racist. Otherwise intelligent people began to mouth nonsense about diversity only because of the blinding power of the race taboo. After diversity began to include sex, mental disabilities, perversions, and everything else that was alien or outlandish, to disbelieve in the powerShow MoreRelatedEssay on Diversity: The Ethical Choice1410 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagerial and professional positions (Kinicki Kreitner, 2008). The question of workplace diversity is a polarizing debate with proponents of diversity measures arguing the business benefit of diversity (Herring, 2009) and opponents arguing that diversity programs are a form of reverse discrimination (Kinicki Kreitner, 2008). To what degree should employers, in either government or business, seek to promote diversity and encourage equality and what are the ethical considerations of such a position? Read MoreThe L ife and Death of Great American Cities by Jane Jacob892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe more culturally significant binaries that Jacobs relies on in her narrative is the effectively paradoxical relationship between diversity and homogeneity in urban environments at the time. In particular, beginning in Chapter 12 throughout Chapter 13, Jacobs is concerned greatly with debunking widely held misconceptions about urban diversity. Jacobs views diversity as the number of ways in which limited areas of space are allocated, as opposed to having an inherent racial or cultural connotationRead MoreMyths And Tales Like The Coyote Who Free The Moon Or How People Come Into The Earth985 Words   |  4 Pagesof various myths and tales where they tell origin stories about the why the way certain are and how it becomes. Myths and tales like the coyote who free the moon or how people come into the earth. By looking into some of these myths and tales that are in the American Religious Diversity volume one book, it will explore the Native Americans understanding about the sacred world and their relationship to that sacred world. Also looking at the noticeable differences between how these myths differ fromRead MoreExplaining Diversity Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesExplaining Diversity The history of humanity has shown that the influences of a select few, charting their ideas of what is right and wrong, pure or dirty, black or white may all influence cultures; but these principles do not follow a certain direction. Rather, with the continuance of culture through time, the principles have diverged human experience into thousands of different cultures. In Biology as Ideology, the argument of genetic determinism arises; ones genetic makeup and other biologicalRead MoreOrganizational Culture Organizational Behavior Diversity1622 Words   |  7 PagesORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR DIVERSITY COMMUNICATION ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND GROUP DYNAMICS MGT/307 July 20, 2010 Organizational Culture is the system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that has developed within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. Organizational Development consists of special applications of knowledge gained from behavioral science to create a comprehensive design to improve organizational effectiveness. Through the collectiveRead MoreCanada Is Not The Post Racist Utopia1618 Words   |  7 Pagesprivilege to prevail. Second, I will debunk the myth of Canada’s near-non-existent colonial legacy. Last, I will explain the myth of meritocracy and how it is reflected in a vertical mosaic. Only through a series of polite fictions that mask inconvenient truths, can the domain of race, ethnic, and Aboriginal relations in Canada be properly interpreted. Fleras (2017) defines multiculturalism as a set of principles, policies, and practices for accommodating diversity as a legitimate and integral componentRead MoreThe Importance of World Mythology1045 Words   |  5 Pagesstandardized tests. With this emphasis shift, teachers are less likely to educate students about mythology, let alone mythologies from other cultures. Students are missing out on a great opportunity to learn about diversity in cultures. Not only can English teachers use world myths as a learning tool to explain different cultures, but science and social studies teachers can use it expand on their subject matter. English teachers focus their curriculum on Roman and Greek mythology becauseRead MoreFulfilling the Promise of the American Dream Essay661 Words   |  3 Pagescompetitive in the job market. In â€Å"Class in America: Myths and Realities,† Gregory Mantsios describes the myths and their corresponding realities in America. A myth that was given claims that any American, given the right opportunities, can become a successful millionaire through enough hard work, sacrifice, and perseverance (283). This is clearly presented as a fallacy that schools have told and media has portrayed. Evidence is provided to debunk this myth. Successful business magnates and millionairesRead MoreBarbie Dolls, By Mattel, An American Multinational Toy Company1217 Words   |  5 Pagesconcept of the beauty myth. The beauty myth, as stated by Ryle (2013) is â€Å"the belief in a quality called beauty that is real and universal and that women, as a result of biological, sexual, and evolutionary factors, should want to embody, while men should desire the women who embody that ideal of beauty.† (p. 259). Also, the beauty myth can be viewed as a of gender specific stereotypes that enco urage the idea that beauty is a key quality of femininity. Barbie has various myths surrounding her thatRead MoreEffectiveness Of Diversity Intervention Or Their Results1159 Words   |  5 Pagesresearch assessing the effectiveness of diversity intervention or their results† (Kulik Roberson, 2008). In my opinion, a workforce diversity initiative might involve many things such as, motivation to interact with each other on the job, ways to relieve stress on the job, and culture shock in the workplace. Resourcefulness comes from originality like being diverse in creating new ways to enhance old ones to combined change. Perhaps, leadership and diversity might help blend the workplace to meet

Genderless Identity Does More Harm than Good - 989 Words

When I finished reading the story of little Storm, in that instant, I felt deeply sorry for Storm, a child who would have grown up normally like everyone else around him/ her, everyone else except for his/ her two brothers. However, a decision was made by Storm’s parents to break the convention of identifying children by gender, and as a result the chance for Storm to be raised like others. Storm’s parents, Witterick and Stocker are indeed doing something wrong. Their extreme and unusual parenting decision will make Storm a lifelong victim of prejudice. According to Storm’s parents, they want to love their children for who they are, not what genitals they have; they want to be supportive of the individualities of their children and†¦show more content†¦Consequently, he was alienated form both sexes. He eventually quit school because he was later diagnosed as having melancholia, which was the result of being isolated and having to stay alone. As well there are other studies of the effects of isolation. According to an investigation in 1986, 5000 per 100,000 of the U.S prisoners committed suicide as a result of less to no social activities and isolation. At several mid-Atlantic universities, a study investigated 1000 students, surprisingly, 12 percent of them admitted that they had thought about committing suicide, and more than half of the 12 percent claimed that the reason for their suicidal thoughts is simply due to the feeling of being unloved or isolated by others. Thus, it is undisputed to conclude that alienation for Storm would cause serious consequences if Storm were to be raised gender-free. Moreover, Storm’s parents practice unschooling, in which they believe that learning should be curiosity driven. This could cause Storm to be completely ignorant and incompetent in the end since the useful knowledge in textbooks tends not to interest children and can not be easily discovered in our daily lives. For instance, if Newton’s Law of physics were never written in textbooks, it would be impossible for an ordinary person to unearth gravity evenShow MoreRelatedGenderless Identity Does More Harm than Good1137 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are realistic about the society they live in. Whereas Storm’s parents are not only thinking, also acting as idealists through their action of raising a genderless baby in this imperfect world. In other words, their idealism has motivated them to rear Storm free of gender identities. However, life is a much more complicated topic than what an idealist is willing to understand and seek answers for. As a result, idealists such as Storm’s parents are often not taking the scientific actualitiesRead MoreGenderless: Sex and Children2044 Words   |  9 PagesWeek 4: Interview Paper Much like the outburst that same-sex marriage caused, we are now seeing the advent of arguments for genderless parenting; the idea that all a child needs is love and its irrelevant whether the loving persons are male or female. Now we have genderless kids. Kathy Witterick and David Stocker, the parents of Jazz (5), Kio (2) and four-month-old Baby Storm want to rear and love each of their children, not as their daughter or son, not as a girl or a boy, but as just theirRead MoreUnisex And The Utilitarian Ethical Dilemma Essay1950 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"boy† means â€Å"insensitive jock† and â€Å"girl† means â€Å"submissive prima donna†. My kids have known since birth that gender is about identity, and that should they ever decide that the labels â€Å"boy† or â€Å"girl† don’t fit them, I’ll gladly change the names and pronouns I use when I speak about them’. Juniper is just one example of the many parents who believ e unisex is right or more morally preferable over gender specification, which is wrong, because of the negative connotations associated with that genderRead MoreGender Roles Research Paper1896 Words   |  8 PagesIs it a Boy or a Girl? When a child is born, it does not know anything about the world. As it gets older, the child learns morals and values from the people around it. One concept children learn is the role of gender in their lives. Young boys and girls are given different messages about what they are and are not supposed do in social situations, causing them to act and dress differently from one another. Gender is not something tangible that happens; it is something perceived by American societyRead MoreGender Leadership And Womens Leadership Styles5681 Words   |  23 Pagesonly making up twenty-one percent of leadership. Gender roles in leadership are constructed and reinforced with power being connected to the male leaders. While there is a lot of research on female leaders and how their leadership styles are different than their male counterparts there in not much research out there about authentic female leaders in nonprofits. This qualitative study will address the question how women and men n onprofit administrators demonstrates or exhibits the phenomena of authenticityRead MoreArab Culture - Essay6842 Words   |  28 Pagesprovide insight into a culture, but the accuracy and usefulness will depend on the context and specific circumstances. WHERE IS THE ARAB WORLD? †¢ The Arab world stretches from Morocco across Northern Africa to the Persian Gulf. The Arab world is more or less equal to the area known as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Although this excludes Somalia, Djibouti, and the Comoros Islands which are part of the Arab world. †¢ It can also be defined as those countries where Arabic is the dominantRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesiv Praise Comments on the earlier 1993 edition, published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, which is owned by Cengage Learning: There is a great deal of coherence. The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley

Why Plagiarism Is Bad free essay sample

Plagiarism: Plagiarism comes from a Latin word meaning â€Å"kidnap†. Many people have given different meanings to the term plagiarism. Plagiarism is the worst form of fraud a student can be involved in. All students are advised to avoid this at all times. Plagiarism is caused by unfamiliarity with what they are supposed to be writing about or what they are learning about students are advised to familiarize themselves with the topics they are supposed to write about in advance. In my case I did not copy but I let people copy my paper and I did not make the right decision because not only did I cheat them out of their education but I put myself in a situation where I could get in trouble. Plagiarism is bad because it shows dishonesty. When committing plagiarism a student in the class will end up hurting himself or herself because he or she has not practiced the learning skills needed for future work like Assignments are also given to evaluate students on how well they understand their material. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Plagiarism Is Bad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page By committing plagiarism, a student ends up hurting other members of that class who did the assignments by themselves. It should be understood that getting credit undeservingly is being dishonest to them self and other classmates. When a person is granted a certificate, diploma that school is making a clear statement that the person has a certain skill and knowledge, however if at some time in your time at that school you got involved in plagiarism then it is not as true. Plagiarism is harmful to the reputation of the person who involves in it, his or her reputation will not be good when they are trying to get into a college. By allowing or participating in this a person becomes unprofessional which leads to the bad reputation. Plagiarism may lead to students being kicked out of school It is important to know that plagiarism is also breaking into copyright laws this means that schools and publishers can file lawsuits against you. Those who are lucky to get away with plagiarism at an early stage might be tempted to practice it at an advanced stage, which can come back to haunt them. The recent rapid growth of the internet has sky rocketed plagiarism to greater heights, it is estimated that over 30% of all students in the US plagiarize at least one of the assignment they complete. This has led to websites that check for plagiarism and also teachers that are very aware about plagiarism. Schools have tried to fight this problem that has been growing for a long time. A common attempt to get rid of this is teachers that have signed statements by students at various points of the school year to verify the originality of their works. By going against these agreements, a student can has to accept any punishment that might be on the statement. Many schools have been forced to use plagiarism detection software for any submitted assignment. This is done so that the assignments can be searched for possible plagiarism. The most used website for this kind of software is Turnitin Company which also offers guidelines on how to avoid plagiarism. Another common policy employed by many institutions is to notify the author whose works have been plagiarized. In this case, the student will most likely face the force of the law. This has been a success in many schools (mainly colleges) because many people fear being brought to the person’s face of whose work they plagiarized Consequences can be put on any person suspected of plagiarism. These include a reduction in the grade of the assignment, a reduction in the grade of the student, a fail grade for the assignment and a fail grade for the student. One or more consequences may be given to any student. Any teacher can do this with the plagiarist’s agreement. The administrators can also give consequences. Some of the common administrative consequences include; suspension, expulsion or multiple sanctions. Suspension is the separation of a student from the other students for a period of time. After this period is over, a student will be allowed back to school.

The Number One Spot Essay Research Paper free essay sample

The Number One Spot Essay, Research Paper The Number One Spot The common look each adult male for himself has been heard from the beginning of clip. Most people are out for themselves in the universe. Sometimes this sense of individuality is a characteristic that is to be admired. Other times it is a defect. Throughout her novel, The Fountainhead, Ayn Rand shows three characters with a strong sense of individualism. Howard Roark s sense of life for himself and his beliefs are strong character traits that cause an esteem because he sticks to his ethical motives in all state of affairss. Peter Keating s selfishness overpowers him and he uses anyone or thing to obtain his success. Ellsworth Toohey has all ready gained success in society ; he is now out for personal retaliation. He manipulates people to be his helpers in his destruction of his enemies. All three characters strongly show individuality and turn out throughout the novel that the most of import individual to populate for is himself. Surviving in the existent universe is a hard undertaking in itself ; lasting entirely proves to be an obstruction. The pick to transport on unaided is normally an option that an single chooses for himself. Howard Roark decides that the lone manner to populate is for himself and for his beliefs. From the start, Howard Roark started off on the incorrect pes. His instructors found his architectural position to be absurd and uncalled for. Roark found his work to be self-expressive and original. He saw no demand to modify his manner of design to the institute s manner. To him, his edifices were beautiful, because they had a intent, an existent map to its dwellers besides the sheer outside ornaments that normal designs contained. Since Roark would non conform and plan against his will, he was kicked out of his school and was forced to be on his ain. Roark, nevertheless, did non mind the challenge. He found that the lone manner that he could be happy was to freely plan his edifices under his criterions. To him a edifice was a portion of nature ; raised from the land and utilizing the Earth s beauty as an accoutrement. For Roark, this was the lone manner to construct, the lone manner he would construct. Occasionally he would be contracted by a similar head that saw the beauty of his design. Largely though he went through periods of fiscal drouth. He someway managed to last and keep an office. He would sit each twenty-four hours waiting for a phone call that did non come. He would non give up what he believed was right merely to be successful in the eyes of others. For Roark, remaining true to himself was a success in itself. All of Roark s actions in his work are for himself and no 1 else. As he stated, Bricks and steel are non my motivations. Neither are the clients. Both are the lone means of my work But to acquire things done, you must love the making, non the secondary effects. The work, non the people. Roark realized that stuff objects made his thoughts take topographic point but that they were non the full intent of what he was making. Roark was making what he believed in and this included difficult work. His work, and the quality of it, meant everything to him and if it were someway obscured he would hold no pick but to destruct it. Roark gave specific instructions that he would construct, every bit long as nil was changed. Unfortunately, one clip, things did non travel harmonizing to programs and the edifice was distorted. Roark found that the lone manner to work out this job was to destruct the edifice. He was so strong in his beliefs that he sacrificed all his difficult work merely because he could non see the edifice bing any other manner than what he had planned. To him, blowing up the edifice was the lone solution. If the edifice could non be his manner so he would non let it to be at all. Whether Roark was being kicked out of school, rejecting work, or blowing up a edifice, he was standing up for what he knew was right. Roark neer let the outside universe influence his opinions or his actions. In Roark s eyes, every factor he faced in his life had significance and led to his hereafter. On the opposite side of the fencing, Peter Keating believed that in order to be pleased with himself, he had to delight others. Alternatively of going an creative person, Keating sacrificed his wants and became an designer because that was the profession that his female parent wished him to get. Keating s female parent decided that it would be a respectable place for her boy. Keating graduated and joined the most well-thought-of architectural house. He w orked his manner to the top, but non through his difficult work and dedication. Alternatively, Keating used many different tactics to mount the rounds on the ladder of success. To get down off, none of his edifices were alone. Keating would analyze popular edifices of the past and steal assorted parts of their design and manner. By making so, his edifices became successful because they were familiar to the populace. He combined facets and subjects from edifices so that his work would non demo his entire counterfeit. Keating besides used many people to help him in his journey to success and celebrity. One of his victims was Tim Davis. Tim Davis was a chief draughtsman and Keating started to volunteer in assisting Davis complete his drawings. At first it was a secret, but Keating shortly made it cognize what he was making. But, Keating looked like the good cat throughout the whole ordeal. On the surface, he was simply merely assisting out a colleague. This is what it seemed to Tim Davis and the remainder of the office. Underneath the surface, Keating knew that he was merely assisting so Davis would be viewed as useless therefore leting Keating to obtain his occupation. As was stated, Tim Davis was the substance and the form of the first measure in his calling. To Keating utilizing people and their thoughts was merely a beginning in helping him in going a success. All of Keating s actions were egoistic. Unlike Roark, Keating s motivations were to obtain success and celebrity in the eyes of others. His desire was to be person and be known in his society. How he became known was undistinguished. His edifices and the people he encountered served no intent to him except to foster his calling. At first glimpse, Ellsworth Toohey gives the feeling of a harmless, fragile, old adult male. Yet, many times, as in this instance, visual aspects are non ever what they seem. Toohey is an highly good educated adult male who is known throughout society. He is called upon to do addresss and writes a column entitled One Small Voice. Many look up to Toohey as male parent type figure that lief donates his clip to assist and advocate. The rubric of Toohey s column is instead dry. In his column Toohey uses facile linguistic communication to cut down his victims. After being noted in One Small Voice a individual is either wholly respected or disrespected. Toohey aloud makes it clear what he thinks of the state of affairs and since so many hold him in high respect, his sentiment is taken to bosom. Toohey s little voice is non that at all. His words shouted at his reading audience doing it to the full cognizant of his brawny judgements hence rocking the audience toward his point of position. Toohey s little voice decidedly carries on strongly throughout society. Toohey accumulates certain people. If he likes a individual, possibly he will advert him in his column. Or possibly, he will ask for him to take part in one of the little groups that he has started. Toohey finds guiltless immature people who are seeking to go a success and draw them into his appreciation. He establishes a relationship with these immature people so they regard him as a wise elder/father type figure. Toohey handpicks these people because they have something in common with him and he needs to utilize them to accomplish a certain end. Toohey is highly rational and he can see right through them. He recognizes their sneaky actions and lets them recognize that he is unto their game without really admiting anything. By making so, Toohey causes them to go dependent upon him. They need to maintain returning to him for advice and guidance. Toohey one time said to one of the immature people whom he took in, This is a treaty, my beloved. An confederation Our motivations may be ra ther opposite. In fact, they are. But it doesn t affair. The consequence will be the same. It is non necessary to hold a baronial purpose in common. It is necessary merely to hold a common enemy Toohey may look sweet and guiltless but he is a sly conniver who knows what he wants and how to acquire it from people. He befriends people who he can utilize to convey down his enemies. By making so Toohey seems to be merely an confederate to the offense, non the originator behind it. Populating for oneself can turn out to be either a hard battle or a natural platitude act. Howard Roark, Peter Keating, and Ellsworth Toohey all have different ways of life for the lone individual who matters in their worlds-themselves. These work forces have searched their psyches and concluded that in order to obtain personal success they have to set themselves in the figure one topographic point.

Theory of Spontaneous Origin and Biogenesis Essay Example

Theory of Spontaneous Origin and Biogenesis Paper INTRODUCTION Robert. C. Gallagher once said: â€Å"Change is inevitable- except from a vending machine. † â€Å"Change† is the word the practically governs our world today. Everything is slowly and gradually changing, new technologies and opportunities boosting everywhere. But the underlying question which we all wishfully choose to ignore is â€Å"All the changes happening is for good only? † Ellen Glasgow once said: â€Å"All change is not growth, as all movement is not forward. † Such are the changes going on in the world which are definitely not for good. They are changes like floods, famines, earthquakes and many more natural disasters. Now it feels as though our Mother Earth is mocking at us and trying to teach us an important lesson as though how does it feel if we were tortured. If we were inflicted upon pain the same way we did to her. In all one thought does occur to all of us that is the world really ending? Are we going back to where it all started? But one more question is to be asked and it is WHERE did all this start? WHERE did earth come from? HOW did the life originate? HOW did we come to life? Some of the truth and myths of this â€Å"ORIGIN OF LIFE† Is further discussed in this project. Theory of spontaneous origin We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Spontaneous Origin and Biogenesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Spontaneous Origin and Biogenesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of Spontaneous Origin and Biogenesis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Introduction Charles Darwins theory of evolution on the origin of life proposes that some four billion years ago, inanimate chemicals developed completely by chance into highly complex, living, single-celled organisms. This process of life coming from non-life is called spontaneous generation. According to the theory, a single-celled organism eventually evolved into all the complex life forms on earth in a relentless struggle for resources. Every evolutionary theory of life’s origins is based on spontaneous generation. The evolutionary development of life on earth is commonly depicted as an evolutionary tree. If life did arise spontaneously and then evolve into increasingly complex life forms, then spontaneous generation represents the trunk of that evolutionary tree and the branches are the various species that evolved from these earlier forms. If the origin of life cannot be shown to be plausible by the interaction of matter, random chance, energy and time then the existen ce of an evolutionary tree is a dubious proposition at best. Without a trunk there can be no tree. Without spontaneous generation there can be no evolution. First Call The notion that life could arise from inanimate, non-living matter is not a recent idea. During the dark ages, people speculated that rats and flies arose spontaneously from garbage because they mysteriously appeared when garbage was left out. Others had noticed that when meat and broths were left exposed they became covered with maggots and microorganisms. These observations led some to believe that these life forms arose suddenly and spontaneously from non-living, inanimate matter. Louis Pasteur entered the debate in 1862 when he published the results of his experiments on the spontaneous generation of microorganisms in broths. Using glass flasks, Pasteur showed that previously boiled broths remained uncontaminated with microorganisms unless the neck of the flask was broken. Broken flasks quickly teemed with life as the broths became cloudy. He proved that microorganisms were transported through the air to the broth and not generated from the broth itself. The work of Pasteur seemingly ended the debate on the question of the sudden, spontaneous origin of life. By the end of the nineteenth century, the majority of scientists believed that spontaneous generation was not possible. Loyal Darwinists, however, insisted on spontaneous generation, recognizing that it was the foundation upon which evolutionary theory rests. Ernst Haeckel, one of the chief proponents of Darwinism, stated in 1876: If we do not accept the hypothesis of spontaneous generation, then at this one point in the history of evolution we must have recourse to the miracle of a supernatural creation. Reheated The spontaneous generation debate heated up again in 1924 when Russian biochemist, I. A. Oparin proposed that life had arisen from simpler molecules on the lifeless earth under much different atmospheric conditions than exist today. However, instead of life arising suddenly, as previous spontaneous generation theories proposed, Oparin believed that it occurred over a very long period of time. In 1929 English biologist J. B. S. Haldane published a paper in which he proposed that ultraviolet light, acting on a primitive atmosphere containing water, ammonia and methane produced oceans with the consistency of a hot dilute soup containing the building blocks of life. In the nineteenth century Ernst Haeckel argued that although spontaneous generation was not observable under the current conditions on earth, it did take place in the past under different chemical conditions. Oparin and Haldane made the first serious proposals regarding those conditions. In 1952 Harold Urey noted that most of the planets in our solar system, except earth, have an atmosphere which contains little or no free oxygen. Furthermore, Urey knew that the building blocks of life are quickly destroyed (oxidized) if they are exposed to an environment containing oxygen. Therefore, he concluded that spontaneous generation must have occurred on the early earth with an atmosphere consisting mainly of hydrogen, ammonia, methane and water vapor, but little or no molecular oxygen. Lightning, volcanic eruptions, sunlight, and deep oceanic volcanic vents are among the energy sources proposed to stimulate the necessary chemical reactions. It was presumed that the building blocks of life were made in the atmosphere and then gradually fell to earth eventually accumulating in the primeval ocean. Despite absolutely no geological evidence for the existence of this primeval soup the Oparin-Haldane-Urey theories became scientific dogma. These foundational assumptions have provided the framework for the modern theory of evolution for the last several decades. Another Atmosphere The atmospheric conditions proposed by Oparin, Haldane and Urey were radically different from what exists today. Because oxygen destroys the chemical building blocks of life, they speculated that the early earth had an oxygen-free atmosphere. However, in the last few decades, evidence has surfaced that has convinced most atmospheric scientists that the early atmosphere contained abundant oxygen. In the 1970’s Apollo 16 astronauts discovered that water is broken down into oxygen and hydrogen gas in the upper atmosphere when it is bombarded by ultraviolet radiation. This process, called photo dissociation, is an efficient process which would have resulted in the production of large quantities of oxygen in a relatively short time. Studies by the astronauts revealed that this process is probably a major source of oxygen in our current atmosphere. The assumption of an oxygen-free atmosphere has also been rejected on theoretical grounds. The ozone layer around planet earth consists of a thin but critical blanket of oxygen gas in the upper atmosphere. This layer of oxygen gas blocks deadly levels of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Without oxygen in the early atmosphere, there could have been no ozone layer over the early earth. Without an ozone layer, all life on the surface of planet earth would face certain death from exposure to intense ultraviolet radiation. Furthermore, the chemical building blocks of proteins, RNA and DNA, would be quickly annihilated because ultraviolet radiation destroys their chemical bonds. It doesn’t matter if these newly formed building blocks are in the atmosphere, on dry ground, or under water. So evolutionists have a major dilemma. The chemical building blocks of life would be destroyed if oxygen was present, and they would be destroyed if it wasn’t! This catch 22 has been noted by evolutionist and molecular biologist Michael Denton: What we have then is a sort of ‘Catch 22’ situation. If we have oxygen we have no organic compounds, but if we don’t we have none either. Even if the building blocks of life could survive the effects of intense ultraviolet radiation and form life spontaneously, the survival of any subsequent life forms would be impossible in the presence of such heavy ultraviolet light. Ozone must be present to protect any surface life from the deadly effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun. Finally, the assumption that there was no oxygen in the early atmosphere is not borne out by the geologic evidence. Geologists have discovered evidence of abundant oxygen content in the oldest known rocks on earth. Again, Michael Denton: Ominously, for believers in the traditional organic soup scenario, there is no clear geochemical evidence to exclude the possibility that oxygen was present in the Earth’s atmosphere soon after the formation of its crust. All of this evidence supports the fact that there was abundant oxygen on the early earth. However, with or without oxygen, evolution is in a no-win situation. Spontaneous generation could not have occurred either with oxygen—or without it! Another Ocean During the last two decades, the notion of a primordial soup has not fared too well either. Studies of the atmosphere, ultraviolet radiation, and the dilutional effect of a large body of water, have convinced many scientists that the ocean could not have developed into the hot dilute soup that was envisioned by Darwin, Oparin, and Haldane. Oparin envisioned the production of cellular building blocks in the atmosphere as a result of lightning. Once produced, these chemicals would theoretically build up in the primordial oceans and combine to form the first living systems. However, it has been estimated that it would take up to two years for amino acids to fall from the atmosphere into the ocean. This is a huge problem because even small amounts of ultraviolet radiation would destroy the building blocks before they reached the oceans. Furthermore, as we saw earlier, lack of ozone would further expedite this destruction. A problem seldom noted by textbooks is that the chemical reactions that create the building blocks of life are reversible. That is, the same energy sources that cause the formation of the building blocks of life will also destroy those same building blocks unless they are removed from the environment where they were created. In fact, the building blocks of life are destroyed even more efficiently than they are created. These problems have convinced researchers that the idea of a primordial soup is quite unlikely. Michael Denton comments on the lack of evidence for the primordial soup: Rocks of great antiquity have been examined over the past two decades and in none of them has any trace of abiotically produced organic compounds been found†¦Considering the way the pre-biotic soup is referred to in so many discussions of the origin of life as an already established reality, it comes as something of a shock to realize that there is absolutely no positive evidence for its existence. Equilibrium There is one other hurdle that must be successfully cleared if the evolutionist’s scenario on the origin of life is to have credibility. This is the problem of chemical equilibrium. In any broth or solution, there is the tendency for the materials to become evenly distributed with time. This tendency is called the development of equilibrium. For example, if a drop of red dye is put into a container of water the dye particles gradually disperse throughout the solution until the entire solution turns a dilute red color. The larger the volume of the solvent (i. e. , the water in the dye example), the more dilute will be the solution once the dye particles have become evenly distributed. This dilutional effect is irreversibly tied to time. As time advances, the dye particles become evenly distributed until the solution reaches a state of chemical equilibrium. Again the chemical reactions leading to the formation of DNA and proteins are reversible. This means that the building blocks of DNA and proteins are broken off of the chain just as easily as they are added. Consequently, the building blocks of life, if they survived the effects of oxygen and UV radiation, would constantly be combining and coming apart in the primordial soup. This combining and coming apart of chemical building blocks proceeds until a state of equilibrium is reached. In the case of amino acids and nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and proteins will be predominantly unbounded when the solution is at equilibrium. Since the natural tendency for the building blocks of life is to disperse and remain un-bonded, the question evolutionists must answer is how did the building blocks of life become bonded and stay bonded in a primordial soup which is steadily progressing towards equilibrium? When confronted with the problem of equilibrium, most evolutionists will appeal to the magic ingredient of time. Nobel Laureate George Wald attempted to explain: Time is in fact the hero of the plot. Given so much time the impossible becomes possible, the possible probable, and the probable virtually certain. One has only to wait: Time itself performs the miracles. However, Dr. Blum, who is an evolutionist himself, points out that Wald’s faith in the miraculous ingredient of time is mere wishful thinking. Prolonged time periods, he asserts, actually worsen the dilemma: I think if I were rewriting this chapter [on the origin of life] completely, I should want to change the emphasis somewhat. I should want to play down still more the importance of the great amount of time available for highly improbable events to occur. One may take the view that the greater the time elapsed the greater should be the approach to equilibrium, the most probable state, and it seems that this ought to take precedence in our thinking over the idea that time provides the possibility for the occurrence of the highly improbable. According to Dr. Blum, the magic bullet of time does not increase the likelihood that chains of DNA or proteins will form by chance chemistry. In fact, increasing the time factor actually ensures that any primordial soup would consist of predominantly unbonded amino acids and nucleotides! The Odds During the last several decades a number of prestigious scientists have attempted to calculate the mathematical probability of the random-chance origin of life. The results of their calculations reveal the enormity of the dilemma faced by evolutionists. Dr. Blum estimated the probability of just a single protein arising spontaneously from a primordial soup. Equilibrium and the reversibility of biochemical reactions eventually led Blum to state: The spontaneous formation of a polypeptide of the size of the smallest known proteins seems beyond all probability. This calculation alone presents serious objection to the idea that all living matter and systems are descended from a single protein molecule which was formed as a ‘chance’ act. In the 1970’s British astronomer Sir Frederick Hoyle set out to calculate the mathematical probability of the spontaneous origin of life from a primordial soup environment. Applying the laws of chemistry, mathematical probability and thermodynamics, he calculated the odds of the spontaneous generation of the simplest known free-living life form on earth – a bacterium. Hoyle and his associates knew that the smallest conceivable free-living life form needed at least 2,000 independent functional proteins in order to accomplish cellular metabolism and reproduction. Starting with the hypothetical primordial soup he calculated the probability of the spontaneous generation of just the proteins of a single amoebae. He determined that the probability of such an event is one chance in ten to the 40 thousandth power, i. . , 1 in 1040,000. Prior to this project, Hoyle was a believer in the spontaneous generation of life. This project, however, changed his opinion 180 degrees. Hoyle stated: The likelihood of the formation of life from inanimate matter is one to a number with 40 thousand naughts [zeros] after it. It is enough to bury Darwin and the whole theor y of evolution. There was no primeval soup, neither on this planet nor on any other, and if the beginnings of life were not random they must therefore have been the product of purposeful intelligence. Hoyle also concluded hat the probability of the spontaneous generation of a single bacteria, is about the same as the probability that a tornado sweeping through a junk yard could assemble a 747 from the contents therein. Hoyle’s calculations may seem impressive, but they don’t even begin to approximate the difficulty of the task. He only calculated the probability of the spontaneous generation of the proteins in the cell. He did not calculate the chance formation of the DNA, RNA, nor the cell wall that holds the contents of the cell together. Example 1 Consider this. The odds of winning a state lottery are about 1 chance in ten million. The odds of someone winning the state lottery every single week from age 18 to age 99 is 1 chance in 4. 6 x 1029,120. Therefore, the odds of winning the state lottery every week consecutively for eighty years is more likely than the spontaneous generation of just the proteins of an amoebae! A more detailed estimate for spontaneous generation has been made by Harold Morowitz, a Yale University physicist. Morowitz imagined a broth of living bacteria that was super-heated so that all the complex chemicals were broken down into their basic building blocks. After cooling the mixture, he concluded that the odds of a single bacterium re-assembling by chance is one in 10100,000,000,000. This number is so large that it would require several thousand books just to write it out. To put this number into perspective, it is more likely that an entire extended family would win the state lottery every week for a million years than for a bacterium to form by chance! Example 2 In his book, Origins–A Skeptics Guide to the Creation of Life on Earth, Robert Shapiro gives a very realistic illustration of how one might estimate the odds of the spontaneous generation of life. Shapiro begins by allowing one billion years (5 x 1014 minutes) for spontaneous biogenesis. Next he notes that a simple bacterium can make a copy of itself in twenty minutes, but he assumes that the first life was much simpler. So he allows each trial assembly to last one minute, thus providing 5 x 1014 trial assemblies in 1 billion years to make a living bacterium. Next he allows the entire ocean to be used as the reaction chamber. If the entire ocean volume on planet earth were divided into reaction flasks the size of a bacterium we would have 1036 separate reaction flasks. He allows each reaction flask to be filled with all the necessary building blocks of life. Finally, each reaction chamber is allowed to proceed through one-minute trial assemblies for one billion years. The result is that there would be 1051 tries available in 1 billion years. According to Morowitz we need 10100,000,000,000 trial assemblies! Regarding the probabilities calculated by Morowitz, Robert Shapiro wrote: The improbability involved in generating even one bacterium is so large that it reduces all considerations of time and space to nothingness. Given such odds, the time until the black holes evaporate and the space to the ends of the universe would make no difference at all. If we were to wait, we would truly be waiting for a miracle. Regarding the origin of life, Francis Crick, winner of the Nobel Prize in biology, stated: An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going. Regarding the probability of spontaneous generation, Harvard University biochemist and Nobel Laureate, George Wald stated: One has to only contemplate the magnitude of this task to concede that the spontaneous generation of a living organism is impossible. Yet we are here–as a result, I believe, of spontaneous generation. In this incredibly twisted statement, we see that Wald’s dogmatic adherence to the evolutionist’s paradigm is independent of the evidence. Wald’s belief in the impossible can only be explained by faith: †¦the substance of things hoped for, the evidence of things not seen. Despite these incredible odds and insurmountable problems, spontaneous generation is taught as a fact from grammar school to the university level. In fact, NASA reported to the press in 1991 their opinion that life arose spontaneously not once, but multiple times, because previous attempts were wiped out by cosmic catastrophes! Conclusion The overwhelming evidence is clear†¦spontaneous generation is an impossibility. It is a scientifically corrupt theory that, among other things, violates the Law of Biogenesis, which says that that life never arises except from life. Life simply cannot come from non-life. Since spontaneous generation is impossible, so then the foundation that evolution rests on has been shattered. Without spontaneous generation there can be no evolution. Despite scientific evidence to the contrary, however, there are those who continue to believe in evolution, and are therefore forced to accept and defend some form of spontaneous generation. The reason for this dogmatic adherence to spontaneous generation is eloquently pointed out by George Wald: When it comes to the origin of life there are only two possibilities: Creation or spontaneous generation. There is no third way. Spontaneous generation was disproved one hundred years ago, but that leads us to only one other conclusion, that of supernatural creation. We cannot accept that on philosophical grounds; therefore, we choose to believe the impossible: That life arose spontaneously by chance! According to Wald, it’s not about discovering the truth through the finding of fact, it’s not a matter of evidence, not a matter of science†¦it’s a matter of philosophy! Like George Wald, many people do not like the alternative: that all life on earth was created by God. So, as Wald said, they are willing to believe the impossible. Since the impossibility of spontaneous generation is a conclusion that leads to a supernatural creative act by God, it is a conclusion that many choose not to accept. It carries with it what are felt to be, in the present politically correct climate, undesirable philosophic and religious implications. It is for that unfortunate and illogical reason most scien tists continue to cling to the unscientific, disproved theory that life arose from non-life through spontaneous generation. Biogenesis is the law that living things come only from other living things, e. g. spider lays eggs, which develop into spiders. It may also refer to biochemical processes of production in living organisms. The biogenesis theory claims that all living things arise from living things. This theory of biogenesis is completely opposite from the spontaneous generation theory. In this article, we shall learn a bit about what is biogenesis theory. But before we go into the details of theory of biogenesis, let us understand the spontaneous theory of generation. Spontaneous Theory of Generation Long before 1900s, people believed that organisms could evolve from non living things. One of the early thinkers who believed that non-living things could spontaneously give rise to living things was Aristotle. For example, it was a common belief that logs gave rise to crocodiles, dirty sewers gave rise to rats, maggots came from dead bodies, wet soil lead to creation of toads, etc. This spontaneous theory of generation had a strong belief system among people over many centuries. What is Biogenesis Theory? An amateur microbiologist, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, observed small organisms in dirty water and some material he scrapped from his teeth. These organisms were called animalcules that we call as protozoans, today. This discovery took Europe by storm and scientists were thrilled to find these animalcules. The most pricking question in the minds of many was about the origin of these animalcules. This doubt had only one answer, spontaneous theory of generation. Over the years, many intelligent minds came up with theories that defied spontaneous generation theory. An Italian physician, Francesco Redi could prove in 1668 that life cannot evolve spontaneously. However, people who supported biogenesis did not think that Redis theory was applicable to microbes. Many other scientists continued their attempts to dissolve the pontaneous theory of generation. However, John Needham in 1745, added chicken broth to a flask and allowed it to cool. Then after few days, microbes did grow in the broth, and Needham proposed it a proof of spontaneous theory of generation. Needlam claimed that vital life is needed for spontaneous generation of animalcules. His claim was challenged by Lazzaro Spallanzani in 1768, wh o repeated the experiment in a sealed container. He found there was no growth in the container. Then, in 1858, Rudolf Virchow, a scientist challenged the spontaneous generation theory by proposing the theory of biogenesis. He stated, living cells can arise only from pre-existing living cells. This biogenesis theory partly explained the presence of animalcule under the microscope. However, without any concrete scientific evidence, Virchows biogenesis theory was not accepted by all. Louis Pasteur and Theory of Biogenesis Louis Pasteur was one of the most intelligent scientist of his time. He was the first to be able to prove the biogenesis theory. He proposed that the organisms that are not visible to the naked eye are present in air. However, he emphasized on the fact that air did not give rise to living things. He carried out an experiment that would dissolve the spontaneous theory of generation and prove the theory of biogenesis. In his experiment, Pasteur heated a number of short necked flasks that contained beef broth. After heating the flasks, he immediately sealed the mouths of some flasks and left a few unsealed. Then after a few days, microorganisms were observed in beef broth that was in flasks that were unsealed. The sealed flasks had no microorganisms present in the broth. This proved that the microorganisms were present in the air and could contaminate the beef broth without the seal. Now, to prove that air did not give rise to organisms, he demonstrated another experiment. He filled long-necked flasks with beef broth and the flasks were bent into S-shaped curves. These flasks were heated to kill any presence of life in the beef broth. Then he left the flasks as they were for a few days without sealing them. This way the air could reach the broth as it was not blocked. After a few days, Pasteur observed the beef broth and found no microorganisms in it. This showed that the air can access the broth, but the organisms are trapped in the S-shaped neck of the flask and thus are not able to reach it. You can read more on some interesting creation theories and learn about the human evolution. This simple and ingenious experiment was enough to break an age-old theory of spontaneous generation. The world could now understand the relevancy of biogenesis theory and that only a living thing can give rise to a living thing. Thus, the mystical belief of non living things giving rise to living things was shattered by a simple experiment by Louis Pasteur. In the end, the answer to the question what is biogenesis theory is that all living things will be created only from living things and no other process.